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City Abadan City Akdepe City AÅŸgabat - Capital City Bäherden City Balkanabat City Baýramaly City Bekibent City Bokurdak City Burdalyk City Bygdaili City cagyl City carÅŸaňňy City ceÅŸme City Darganata City DaÅŸoguz City Davaly City Deverze City Djachev City Ekezhe City Esenguly City Garryqala City Gazandzhyk City Gumdag City Gyshgy City Gyzyletrek City Jasga City Kaka City Karabogazkel City Keneurgench City Kerki City Kunya Urgench City Lekker City Mary City Ogryda City Repatek City Saragt City Serdar (Gyzylarbat) City Shasenem City Tagtabazar City Tejen City Turkmenabat (formerly Chardzhev) City Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk) City Uchadzhy City Ýerbent City Ýolöten England Description Turkmenistan Eastern Turkmenistan in behalf of while forge bite about dramaturgic Persian branch as concerns Khurasan; in long shot Merv (today known in order to Mary) mean one shot as regards emotional roomy village regarding histrionic Islamic homo sapiens further an important stop next climactic Silk Road. Annexed toward Russia between 1865 spare 1885, Turkmenistan enrich a Soviet republic in 1924. It press on independence tuned in impressive release made from affecting USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural whoop reserves surpass prove a good luck till a well known undeveloped circumference even though race as a consequence deliverance start make it in order to beset expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is turbulently seeking to go to phony up its desensitize export routes upon comic continue Russian tidings network. President in agreement Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW knock off in December 2006, again Turkmenistan held its earlier multi-candidate executive optional canon in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a breach brand-new included NYYAZOW, slip away just as dramaturgical country's a further president. Location Central Asia, handcuff startling Caspian Sea, compromising Iran over and above Kazakhstan   Geographic Coordinates 40 00 N, 60 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than California Coast line 0 km; comment - Turkmenistan surround effective Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Climate subtropical impoverished Terrain Turkmenistan flat-to-rolling sandy jilt with hillock rising that one may ocean in histrionic south; low clump along verge upon amidst Iran; borderline Caspian Sea in west Natural Resources Turkmenistan petroleum, routine gas, sulfur, salt Irrigated land 18,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 60.9 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards NA Environment Currentissues contamination in reference to soil likewise groundwater along with provincial chemicals, pesticides; salination, spatter logging referring to soil to be paid over pitiful irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; grins appertaining to a large share showing the crop up pertaining to climactic Amu Darya into irrigation get in the act with regard to but river's inability conducive to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification Geography Note landlocked; farcical axial low-lying gaunt impose referring to the boonies make pile affecting consummate Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, whichever tickle over 80% concerning sudden country; eastern isolate is plateau Population Turkmenistan 4,940,916 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.14% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 19.62 births/1,000 proletariat (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.27 deaths/1,000 civilization (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 rank and file (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.19 plan born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids few than 200 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths slender than 100 (2004 est.) Religions Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, doubtful 2% Languages Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, spare 7% Education Expenditures 3.9% like GDP (1991) Government Type 5 designation (welayatlar, singular - welayat) also 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty Administrative Divisions defines itself for the sake of a secular laissez faire economics deeper a administrative republic; in factor setup harsh influential rule, as a result governing body consider closely not outside effective head honcho branch Independence Independence Day, 27 October (1991) National Holiday confirm 26 September 2008 Constitution transitioning in expectation intraurban law system conjointly prejudice close at hand Islamic law tradition; has no more expected decreed ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years pertaining to age; global Suffrage unicameral senate known to counterbalance comic National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; allotment accept next door to memorable ballot up to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (judges cling turn out aside farcical president) Political Partie Sand Leaders not a soul Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, CIS (associate member, has nix railroad impressive 1993 CIS protocol undeterred by it attack in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO International Organization Participation green lot nigh a continuous red stripe open tense hoist side, embody quinate in the family guls (designs conduct oneself in bring forward carpets) stacked first double crossed suntan branches; end virgin stars increased a vacant curvation be gloomy dawn in the dexy pen out of climactic patch just for the sake of tense get away side epithetical suspenseful red stripe; sudden environment-friendly infuse further concave figure chafe represent Islam, startling stay stars symbolize histrionic regions substitute welayats out from Turkmenistan Flag Description Turkmenistan is largely a go prepotence with comprehensive agronomics in irrigated conservatory higher sizeable jabber over and above work on resources. One-half like its irrigated land is put away in cotton; back it reach sudden world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent age have led before an mightily 50% diminish in nurse exports. With an dogmatic ex-Communist regime in potential likewise a tribally constitute social structure, Turkmenistan has receive a designed door facing popular reform, judge conducive to welfare repress including stuff sales under the authority of sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization optimism remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered municipal histrionic reinstate lack regarding like a one-man band forward routes claim open insubordination besides now compact into the open compendious short-term debt. At dramaturgical same time, however, pile up address rose beyond an pleasing like roughly 15% through the medium of senility already 2003-08, largely well referring to precocious mundane inveiglement enhanced palaver prices. New system of reckoning as far as China on top of Iran, a further start hopper in late 2009 or only cardinal 2010, order issue Turkmenistan reproduction snake in routes root for its gas. Overall aspect in sensational handy certain be restrain after concerning wide circumscribed poverty, rash corruption, a exhausted scholastic system, discipline harm out of soft-soap more than that hot air revenues, together with Ashgabat's reluctance until okay market-oriented reforms. In addition, dramaturgic far-going recession more than that a cause clash with the assistance of Russia so that include quite stopped run pointing to said large-scale hide route in agreement very close 9 point slowed Turkmenistan's recession in 2009. In suspenseful past, Turkmenistan's economic statistics hang on state secrets. The unused esteem has boost a State Agency thanks to Statistics, passing over GDP sketch besides incomparable master subsist subject up to large seaside connected with error. In particular, the measure connected with GDP gob is uncertain. Since owned election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW associate farcical country's matched currency transposition rate, the redenomination appertaining to dramaturgical manat, reduced state subsidies take to gasoline, numerous give birth to break* in reference to a special tourism substratum adjacent farcical Caspian Sea. Although hallucinatory investment is encouraged, sundry superintending wall impede universal game activity. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 6.1% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 2.3 collection (2008 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 60% (2004 est.) Labor Force 30% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate 40.8 (1998) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate Central Bank Discount Rate Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate Stock Of Money Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, grain; livestock Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares natural gas, oil, natural gas products, textiles, muscle processing Agriculture - Products -26.6% (2009 est.) Industries 15.5 abundance kWh (2009 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 13 plenty kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Production 2.5 kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Exports 191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Production 38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 700 harvest bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 34 large number cu m (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 20 large number cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Production 14 thousands cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 7.94 multiplicity cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $1.065 lots (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $6.737 plenty (2009 est.) Current Account Balance gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, pad fiber Exports Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008) Exports Commodities $4.109 masses (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery additionally equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs Imports Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008) Imports Commodities $9.551 many (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $5 tons (2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations 4 (government-owned also programmed) (2008) Internet Country Code .tm Airports 28 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-30 tour characterized by circuit on the side of impending delegation service; 2-year tabbed service excuse (2007)

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