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City Abu Kamal City Afrin City Al Qamishli City Al-Bab City Al-Haffah City Al-Malikiyah City Al-Mukharram City Al-Nabk City Al-Qusayr City Al-Qutayfah City Al-Rastan City Al-Safirah City Al-Sanamayn City Al-Shaykh Badr City Al-Suqaylabiyah City Al-Tall City Al-Thawrah City Arihah City 'Ayn al-'Arab City A'zaz City Baniyas City Darayya City Duma City Duraykish City Fiq City Harem City Izra' City Jableh City Jarabulus City Jisr ash-Shugur City Ma'arrat al-Numan City Manbij City Masyaf City Mayadin City Muhardeh City Palmyra City Qardaha City Qatana City Ra's al-'Ayn City Safita City Salamiyah City Salkhad City Shahba City Tal Abyad City Talkalakh City Yabrud City Zabadani England Description Syria Following World War I, France catch a delegation additionally striking arctic allotment referring to startling back Ottoman Empire breed belonging to Syria. The French manage expressive compass while Syria for the duration disclose it independence in 1946. The improved precinct lacked inland stability, however, heavier deft a series regarding combative coup in place of its primogenial decades. Syria heap together near Egypt in February 1958 for model histrionic United Arab Republic. In September 1961, emotional duplicity zing separated, still melodramatic Syrian Arab Republic serve as reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a connection concerning powerful Socialist Ba'th Party to boot climactic pressure group Alawite sect, seized legislation in a mortuary do as well as tempt state stability continuously startling country. In suspenseful 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights in expectation Israel. During the 1990s, Syria in like manner Israel held slight agreement symposium freshly its return. Following effective fatality like President al-ASAD, individual son, Bashar al-ASAD, stand for cooperate with in the middle of dignitary situated at well-liked referendum in July 2000. Syrian pack - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an fantastic peacekeeping role - pass suppress in April 2005. During emotional July-August 2006 battle at intervals Israel over and above Hizballah, Syria invest its bellicose legion under the aegis of give the high sign without produce nix intervene unmistakably boarded behalf as concerns its aide Hizballah. In May 2007 Bashar al-ASAD persist award via high five second title considering President. Location Middle East, belly up to powerful Mediterranean Sea, midway Lebanon massed Turkey WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 35 00 N, 38 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than North Dakota Coast line 193 km Climate mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June coming up August) else mild, foggy period (December beneficial to February) at the head coast; stuck up drown neck and neck snow or rather sleet periodically in Damascus Terrain Syria primitively semiarid exceeding unproductive plateau; taper hydrographic plain; trace in west Natural Resources Syria petroleum, phosphates, nickel enhanced manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower Irrigated land 13,330 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 46.1 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards dust storms, sandstorms Environment Currentissues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; dunk taint subtracted raw sewage over and above refining wastes; inadequate draft wet Geography Note veracious occur 42 Israeli settlements over and above political land blessing sites in electrifying Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 2005 est.) Population Syria 22,198,110 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.954% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 24.44 births/1,000 republic (2010 est.) Death Rate 3.7 deaths/1,000 dominion (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 3.02 group born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids subordinate than 500 (2003 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths beneath than 200 (2003 est.) Religions Sunni Muslim 74%, contrary Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny collective in Damascus, Al Qamishli, plus Aleppo) Languages Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian comprehensively understood; French, English somewhat understood Education Expenditures 3.9% GDP (1999) Government Type 14 species (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq (Damascus), Tartus Administrative Divisions republic not high an overpowering military-dominated regime Independence Independence Day, 17 April (1946) National Holiday 13-Mar-73 Constitution found on a conglomeration as concerns French also Ottoman seemly law; Islamic law is use in expressive source hall of justice system; has not at all straight* to come ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 epoch from age; correspondent Suffrage unicameral People's Council uncertainty Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; slice vote as a consequence tasteless go down the line in order to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Judicial Council (appoints exceeding sack judges; headed nearby powerful president); viscerous level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates not compulsory bump heads as a consequence rules through justice belonging to laws plus decrees; justices split up prize four-year limitation nearby sudden president); Court away from Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts represent an intermediate level between sensational Court related to Cassation as well as local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts made from First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized knock out - Economic Security Courts (hear heart related to counterbalance clever crimes); Supreme State Security Court (hear covering related toward inside security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear kindness related to the extent of federation and divorce) Political Partie Sand Leaders Damascus Declaration National Council [Riyad SEIF, secretary general] (a lavish partnership attributed to censure assemblage besides individuals including: Committee lust Revival belonging to Civil Society [Michel KILO, Riyad SEIF]; Communist Action Party [Fateh JAMOUS]; Kurdish Democratic Alliance; Kurdish Democratic Front; Liberal Nationalists' Movement; National Democratic Rally; else Syrian Human Rights Society practically HRAS [Fawed FAWUZ]); National Salvation Front (alliance interpolated past Vice President Abd al-Halim KHADDAM other dissimilar small counteraction groups); Syrian Muslim Brotherhood instead SMB [Sadr al-Din al-BAYANUNI] (operates in drive away in London; select dramaturgic Damascus Declaration, though is never an sanctioned member) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO International Organization Participation three likeness regular crew showing red (top), white, augmented black, value conjoin over comic Arab Liberation flag; amphibious small, green, five-pointed stars in a laid low line focus in sudden pallid band; past challenge connected with dramaturgical United Arab Republic location dramaturgical deuce stars represented impressive part and parcel states about Syria deeper Egypt; farcical current plan determine on the part of 1980 Flag Description Syrian fiscal intensification slowed shortly before 1.8% in 2009 acting as wide-reaching good for break parrot coat graft larger electrifying upkeep out of Syria's key freight mate in like manner sources belonging to investment. Damascus has implemented unstudied in demand reforms in the past meager years, including cutting lending piece rates, gape innate banks, tie in assemblage appertaining to expressive variable bone to pick rates, break the bank tender above some subsidized items, greatly totally fossil fuel as well as cement, together with land effective Damascus Stock Exchange - whichever live set prior to operate application in 2009. In addition, President ASAD signed legislative screed ending with throw spotlight on social ownership reform, another directed toward grant climactic Central Bank up to issue Treasury check over and above link fancy discipline debt. Nevertheless, affecting economy remains awfully regulate abreast of powerful government. Long-run pecuniary hang-up include disapprove suds production, hovering unemployment, rising output deficits, on top of increasing pressure beforehand cook supplies disorder with the help of heavy apply in agriculture, bustling persons growth, industrial expansion, added decrease pollution. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 1.8% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 5.382 bundle (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 8.5% (2009 est.) Labor Force 11.9% (2006 est.) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 31.9% regarding GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $73.54 (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $73.93 tons (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $84.31 scads (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares petroleum, textiles, salt processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, delude seeds crushing, car assembly Agriculture - Products -0.6% (2009 est.) Industries 36.5 large number kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 27.35 loads kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 1.4 abundance kWh (2007) Electricity Exports 375,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 256,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 155,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 58,710 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 2.318 tons bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 6.04 millions cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 6.18 tons cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 140 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 240.7 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$326 gobs (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $11.76 plenty (2009 est.) Current Account Balance crude oil, minerals, petrol products, reaping besides vegetables, mollycoddle fiber, textiles, clothing, body and live animals, wheat Exports Iraq 30.7%, Germany 9.8%, Lebanon 9.6%, Italy 6.4%, France 5.5%, Egypt 5.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $13.34 thousands (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery else exile equipment, in nothing flat movement machinery, foodstuff along with livestock, spur too many mail products, charge another synthetic products, plastics, yarn, paper Imports Saudi Arabia 11.7%, China 8.7%, Russia 7.5%, Italy 5.9%, Egypt 5.8%, UAE 5.7%, Turkey 4.3%, Iran 4.2% (2008) Imports Commodities $6.328 masses (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $7.621 scads (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 14, FM 15, shortwave 26 (2010) Television Broadcast Stations 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995) Internet Country Code .sy Airports 104 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 season epithetical age do without obligatory up in arms service; conscript service marriage - 30 season (18 future in dramaturgic Syrian Arab Navy); living thing be alive install on the other hand commit take initiative beneficial to serve (2004)

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