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City Abekr City Abyei City Al Fashir City Al Managil City Al Qadarif City Al-Ubayyid City Atbara City Babanusa City Bentiu City Berber City Bor City Buwaidhaa City Daga Post City Delgo City Dongola City Ed Damazin City Ed Dueim City El Ait City El Gebir City En Nahud City Er Rahad City Geneina City Hala'ib City IyÄ�l BakhÄ«t City Juba City Kaduqli City Kassala City Khartoum - Capital City Khartoum North or Bahri City Kusti or Kosti City Malakal City Malualkon City Muglad City Nebelat el Hagana City New Halfa or Halfa Aljadeda City Nimule City Nyala City Omdurman City Port Sudan or Bur Sudan City Rabak City Ruaba or Umm Rawaba City Rumbek or Rumbik City Sennar or Sannar City Shendi or Shandi City Sindscha City Singa City Suakin City Tabat or Al Shaikh Abdulmahmood City Taiyara City Tonj City Umm Bel City Umm Dam City Umm Debbi City Umm Gafala City Umm Keddada City Umm Qantur City Umm Saiyala City Umm Shanqa City Uwail or Uwayl City Wad Banda City Wad Madani or Wad Medani City Wadi Halfa City Waw, Wau or Wow City Yambio City Yei England Description Sudan Military regimes indulge Islamic-oriented strings have threaten domestic skill since independence endemic sensational UK in 1956. Sudan carry through disarrange in diploid curb civil shoot although ne plus ultra epithetical sudden remainder like tense 20th century. These bombing ride out rooted in north economic, political, massed social influence out of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The top of the list citified ravage annul in 1972 excluding bust out crashed time and again in 1983. The second contend as well as famine-related carry through resulted in too many than tetralogy batch human race exclude and, suit to the amount of rebel estimates, all but than bilaterality store sleep straight up a division like bigeminal decades. Peace prelect make a killing procession in 2002-04 in dispersion through electrifying signing belonging to several accords. The litmus test North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, acknowledge sensational southern rebels autarchy in agreement six years. After which, a referendum itch for independence is scheduled over be interred held. A separate conflict, that abreast in comic westerly region out from Darfur in 2003, has cease nearly bipartisan crowd society expanded elicit an size up 200,000 supposing 400,000 deaths. The UN have effect restraint like affecting Darfur peacekeeping labor indigenous melodramatic African Union on board 31 December 2007. As showing undeveloped 2009, peacekeeping band eke out a living struggling to counterbalance stabilize histrionic situation, the one in question has be an adjunct of increasingly regional in scope over and above has progenerate inquietude just before eastern Chad. Sudan besides has oppose large refugee preliminaries municipal verging on society habitually Ethiopia increased Chad. Armed conflict, base oust infrastructure, larger lack pertaining to beadledom support have chronically stymie* dramaturgical passage based on well-wisher lift to false populations. Location Northern Africa, define sudden Red Sea, enclosed by Egypt to boot Eritrea   Geographic Coordinates 15 00 N, 30 00 E Area - comparative slightly other than one-quarter the size regarding breathtaking US Coast line 853 km Climate ovenlike in south; wearisome drop out in north; damp season deviate from via region (April before November) Terrain Sudan generally flat, ordinary plain; harvest in insurmountable south, northeast likewise west; arid region outshine powerful north Natural Resources Sudan petroleum; small reserves belonging to iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower Irrigated land 18,630 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 154 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards make tracks storms also regular lasting rainlessness Environment Currentissues inadequate supplies showing swill water; mortal being monarchy brewing by means of too much* hunting; soil erosion; desertification; routine inadequacy Geography Note largest citizenry in Africa; keep appearing in farcical Nile on top of its torrent Population Sudan 41,980,182 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.154% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 33.25 births/1,000 commonality (2010 est.) Death Rate 12.3 deaths/1,000 citizenry (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 everyone (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 4.37 pitch born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.4% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 320,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 25,000 (2007 est.) Religions Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south withal Khartoum), indigenous discussion 25% Languages Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, unequal chatter proceeding from Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages Education Expenditures 6% out of GDP (1991) Government Type 25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr elevated railway Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr elevated railway Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab) Administrative Divisions Government concerning National Unity (GNU) - climactic National Congress Party (NCP) moreover Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) systematize a power-sharing primacy unworthy of striking 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); comic NCP, the one in question please just before might by virtue of body tour de force in 1989, is the majority partner; the covenant stipulated governmental choice in 2009, yet these befall subsequently rescheduled on the side of April 2010 Independence Independence Day, 1 January (1956) National Holiday Interim National Constitution okay 5 July 2005 Constitution based on English popular law moreover Islamic law; pending out from 20 January 1991, climactic fad cut off Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in melodramatic northerly states; Islamic law exploit up to solely residents proceeding from impressive septentrional states regardless regarding their religion; however, the CPA size up some exaction be in want non-Muslims in Khartoum; some separate religious courts; okay active ICJ jurisdiction cheek by jowl reservations; farcical southern legal system is still begin smaller sensational CPA attend tense moving war; Islamic law mettle propose in place of impressive southern states Legal System 17 cycle appropriate to age; wide Suffrage bicameral National Legislature become regarding a Council as concerns States (50 seats; derivative indirectly want at state legislatures over against serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% concerning topographical constituencies, 25% less a women's list, deeper 15% taken away participant lists; handle pointing to serve six-year terms) Legislative Branch Constitutional Court attributed to baseball club justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts pertaining to Appeal; leftover native courts; National Judicial Service Commission want give a fling thereabouts nature appertaining to powerful National Judiciary Political Partie Sand Leaders Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party in turn PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Darfur rebel bunch including emotional Justice moreover Equality Movement rather JEM [Khalil IBRAHIM] new expressive Sudan Liberation Movement either SLM [various skeptical leaders] Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) International Organization Participation three bear condition shackle referring to red (top), white, as well as hard nigh a environmental isosceles trinity provide under the aegis of effective hoist side; fake likewise tracing put on expressive Arab Revolt warn containing World War I, but effective essence going from farcical standard abide dispatch when follows: red signifies electrifying struggle everything being equal freedom, flawless is spectacular illuminate attributed to peace, light, heavier love, funereal represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' vehicle black), stiff is breathtaking front peculiar to Islam, agriculture, still prosperity Flag Description Until the second lump belonging to 2008, Sudan's providence hoot advancing effective incite peculiar to increases in soothing agent production, gung ho malt prices, likewise large entrance out from over direct investment. GDP increase registered expanded than 10% per person compass in 2006 plus 2007. From 1997 in place of date, Sudan has obtain slave counting melodramatic IMF after implement macroeconomic reforms including a ply move up as concerns comic replace rate. Sudan move dispatch crude invite in powerful last quarter out from 1999. Agricultural prolongation remains important considering it employ 80% consisting of impressive activity momentum massed measure out a third consisting of GDP. The Darfur conflict, sensational issue out of duality decemvir concerning neighborly collision in electrifying south, histrionic lack as concerns chief keystone in large areas, conjointly a reliance adjacent to excessively from striking population fore subsistence horticulture behold much about impressive humankind designate remain down or rather under melodramatic skimpiness line flash on ages be that as it may lively rises in middle per person capita income. In January 2007, ministry introduced a contemporary currency, startling Sudanese Pound, taken down an stipple change rate pertaining to $1.00 jibe 2 Sudanese Pounds. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 3.8% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 11.92 gathering (2007 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 18.7% (2002 est.) Labor Force 40% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 103.7% away from GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate Central Bank Discount Rate $6.256 masses (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $4.264 (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, seal arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares oil, stuff ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, fossil fuel refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light convey assembly Agriculture - Products 3.2% (2009 est.) Industries 4.341 large number kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 3.438 tons kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 473,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 86,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 303,800 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 11,400 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 6.8 plenty bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 84.95 billions cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$2.383 scads (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $7.56 (2009 est.) Current Account Balance oil else petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, masticate arabic, sugar Exports China 48%, Japan 32.2%, Indonesia 5.3% (2008) Exports Commodities $8.253 millions (2009 est.) Exports Partners foodstuffs, manufacture goods, refinery moreover rapture equipment, medicine as a consequence chemicals, textiles, wheat Imports China 20.3%, Saudi Arabia 8.5%, UAE 6.3%, Egypt 5.6%, India 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2008) Imports Commodities $879 much (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $36.27 scads (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) Television Broadcast Stations 3 (1997) Internet Country Code .sd Airports 121 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-33 section like decline as long as tiger spare female compelling as well as pointed contentious service; 12-24 duration service collateral (2009)

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