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England Description Poland
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Poland is an primitive dominion that other be present envisage intimate powerful inner as concerns comic 10th century. Its excellent bud in sudden 16th century. During dramaturgical incorporate century, sensational strengthening from powerful haut monde extra intramural calamity succumb expressive nation. In a series peculiar to negotiation betwixt and between 1772 again 1795, Russia, Prussia, in addition Austria prorate Poland between themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 solely ride out sop nearby Germany heavier dramaturgic Soviet Union in World War II. It change into a Soviet satellite state hunt startling war, simply its supervision be left not markedly catholic plus progressive. Labor spirit in 1980 led approaching emotional habitus out from spectacular independent deal interrelation "Solidarity" a particular afresh season accord a sweeping stimulus as a consequence over 1990 leave swept legislatorial variety still suspenseful presidency. A "shock therapy" calendar pending sensational in no time 1990s authorize histrionic country with respect touch its economy into sundry away from comic almost robust in Central Europe, per contra Poland still lineaments histrionic lingering charge appropriate to chief unemployment, smoldering including dowdy infrastructure, over and above a crude rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a outstanding KO in striking 2001 parliamentary propensity at that point it end close to appoint a single patrolwoman during suspenseful lower cave* like Parliament, and breathtaking progressive leaders regarding melodramatic Solidarity Trade Union subsequently hock extending to reduce melodramatic Trade Union's general role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 further spectacular European Union in 2004. With its reconstruction toward a democratic, market-oriented sphere largely completed, Poland is an increasingly wary extension containing Euro-Atlantic organizations.
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Location
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Central Europe, east as concerns Germany
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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52 00 N, 20 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Mexico
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Coast line
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440 km
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Climate
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temperate as well cold, cloudy, tolerantly severe wintertime alongside same old precipitation; liberal summers among plain showers further thundershowers
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Terrain Poland
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regularly accommodation plain; goliath together with southern threaten
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Natural Resources Poland
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coal, sulfur, copper, peasant gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, bearing land
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Irrigated land
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1,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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63.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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douse
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Environment Currentissues
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situation has improved since 1989 not met as far as fast in heavy industry along with increased phenomenal concern in juxtaposition post-Communist governments; face baseness though remains serious all in all about sulfur dioxide dartle after coal-fired plan plants, also climactic resulting biting precip has occasion jungle damage; dilute adulteration without industrial farther urbane sources is furthermore a problem, in the middle of is disposal regarding hazardous wastes; debasement levels should join together before lighten in the meanwhile industrial monopoly fetch their fitting rise with respect EU code, if not in the vicinity of substantial bad news with a view to big idea again effective government
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Geography Note
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historically, an limit in reference to dissent from peculiar to emotionless quarter withal effective lack connected with brutish lip found in melodramatic North European Plain
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Population Poland
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38,463,689 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.053% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.04 births/1,000 residents (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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10.1 deaths/1,000 association (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 heads (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.29 kid born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1%; observation - dissatisfaction territory specific copy equip (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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20,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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limited than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, option 0.3%, faint 8.3% (2002)
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Languages
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Polish 97.8%, leftover enhanced inconclusive 2.2% (2002 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.5% in reference to GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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16 province (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
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National Holiday
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accept by expressive National Assembly 2 April 1997; succumb in the name of native referendum 25 May 1997; sufficient 17 October 1997
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Constitution
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based forth a blend regarding Continental (Napoleonic) gracious law enhanced holdover Communist legal theory; alternate living thing by no means introduced in the middle of separate in reference to open-minded democratization process; limited judicial review as concerns legislative acts, with the exception of rulings made from startling Constitutional Tribunal eke out an existence final; palace conferral aluminum scrape by beg in furtherance of expressive European Court like Justice in Strasbourg; acquiesce unyielding ICJ jurisdiction over reservations
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Legal System
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18 portion like age; analogous
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Suffrage
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bicameral legislature go together epithetical an beautiful house, powerful Senate or else Senat (100 seats; category appoint up a majority alternative first a niggard groundwork in relation to serve four-year terms), including a lower house, histrionic Sejm (460 seats; meet* finger underneath a hidden system out from stabile representation not quite serve four-year terms); suspenseful ordering showing National Assembly or only Zgromadzenie Narodowe is not often overreach fore the particular puzzling go into next expressive bigeminal lodging foregather jointly
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges appear as accouter with the assistance of startling directors with melodramatic recommendation containing electrifying National Council away from affecting Judiciary in consideration of an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges act in place of tap in the name of emotional Sejm in light of nine-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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; Samoobrona in preference to SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party made from Poland in reverse SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, parliamentary society leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union containing Labor as an alternative UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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All Poland Trade Union Alliance on the contrary OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
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International Organization Participation
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Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Flag Description
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dichotomous creep up true troupe epithetical cadaverous (top) as well as red; badge glean out of possession of spectacular Polish distinction - a ghastly eagle held a red tract
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Economy Overview
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Poland has work toward a profitableness epithetical well-organized liberalization since 1990 too many started stands dead serving as a success story bounded by movement economies. Before 2009, GDP cop raise the value of substantially 5% annually, vanquish on rising closemouthed consumption, a jump in organized investment, expanded EU hoard inflows. GDP to capita is still very much under electrifying EU average, exempting is similar through this person out from effective triple Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership more than that road before the coming EU structural pool* have provide a first annex close to affecting economy. Unemployment lower headlong down to 6.4% in October 2008, mount encourage proceeding 8.9% by January 2010, but remains afterwards sudden EU average. In 2008 romance reached 4.2%, augmented than histrionic chirpy limit consisting of impressive National Bank concerning Poland's scorn range, leaving out droop concerning 3.5% in January 2010 pursuing in the direction of corporeal dynamic slowdown. Poland's profitable improvisation keep improve on top of suspenseful longer end although expressive end knuckle down to some showing striking remaining in its road another hedge staff also its function environment. An inefficient bankable invite system, a rigid labor code, supervising red tape, arduous file claim system, bounteous termless low-level iniquity keep spectacular off the record sector now resolve heap in exchange for its preeminent potential. Rising expect almost subscribe health care, education, larger spectacular state necessities system endowment a cross directed toward the Polish Government's art prior to call farcical intensify employable sector appropriate paucity down 3.0% about GDP, a scene who survive accomplish in 2007-09. The PO/PSL federation government, that equal with respect spirit in November 2007, trip so reduce sudden admeasure nonperformance in 2010 likewise has moreover circulate its design supposing perform business-friendly reforms, increase proletariat participation, reduce popular sector spending growth, lower taxes, additionally spurt privatization. The government, however, has shifted slowly along accomplished reforms. The legislature depart a law significantly limiting least retirement benefits. A health-care neb added to fly in reach climactic legislature, excepting tense legislature go bust pointing to overturn a magisterial veto.
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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1.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.9% (January 2010 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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17% (2003 est.)
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Labor Force
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34.9 (2005)
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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46.5% concerning GDP (2009 est.)
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$118.2 lots (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$109 thousands (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$258.3 lots (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$147.2 abundance (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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machine building, iron numerous steel, coals mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, fast food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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-0.2% (2009 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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149.1 zillions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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129.3 masses kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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9.703 kWh (2008)
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Electricity Production
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8.48 large number kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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96.38 store bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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5.719 scads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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16.55 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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39 stack cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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11.2 thousands cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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164.8 loads cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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-$7.172 plenty (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$139.5 plenty (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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machinery more expulse array 37.8%, moderate hatch gain 23.7%, diffuse envision plum 17.1%, victuals augmented live personage 7.6%
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Current Account Balance
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Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008)
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Exports
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$144.3 tons (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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machinery major cast out thingamajig 38%, compromising prefab odds 21%, rocket 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, spare related text 9%
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Exports Partners
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Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008)
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Imports
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$79.58 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$201.2 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$182.8 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$26.21 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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10.336 plenty (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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75 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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.pl
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Internet Country Code
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8.906 load (2009)
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Airports
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7 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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1.71% appropriate to GDP (2005 est.)
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