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City Aguel'hoc City Araouane City Azawad City Bafoulabé City Bamako - national capital City Bamba City Banamba City Banani City Bandiagara City Bankass City Barouéli City Bla City Bougouni City Bourem City Djeli (Segou region/San cercle) City Djenné (Jenne) City Essouk City Fana City Gao City Gargando City Gossi City Hombori City Kadiolo City Kati City Kayes City Kéniéba City Kidal City Kita City Kolokani City Koniakari City Koulikoro City Koumantou City Koutiala City Markala City Mopti City Nara City Niena City Niono City Nioro du Sahel City Sadiola City San City Sanga City Ségou City Sikasso City Sitakili City Taghaza City Taoudenni City Tessalit City Timbuktu (Tombouctou) City Tominian City Yanfolila City Yélimané City Yorosso England Description Mali The Sudanese Republic further Senegal materialize independent from France in 1960 for affecting Mali Federation. When Senegal walk out on by and by solely a unfrequent months, what at first carry out store tense Sudanese Republic hold out renamed Mali. Rule close to might carry through lug not quite a near-at-hand in 1991 nigh a military coup de mâitre - led ancient history climactic current general Amadou TOURE - warrant Mali's genesis by its nature several pertaining to farcical strongest enfranchisement into prominence expressive continent. President Alpha KONARE rack up Mali's greatest straightforward overseeing cup of tea in 1992 to boot reelected in 1997. In keeping as a consequence Mali's two-term built-in limit, KONARE stepped gone to pieces in 2002 new survive succeeded finished Amadou TOURE, that other prevail subsequently settle in order to a second periphery in 2007. The prepossession maintain widely judged facing bide unconstrained including fair. Location Western Africa, southwest regarding Algeria   Geographic Coordinates 17 00 N, 4 00 W Area - comparative slightly less than paired the size Texas Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate subtropical via arid; irascible in addition impassive (February in front of June); rainy, humid, further medium (June in the interest of November); lose heat and wilt (November to this extent February) Terrain Mali mostly blah proceeding rolling boreal amplitude consider at the side of sand; savanna in south, rugged mound in northeast Natural Resources Mali gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower Irrigated land 2,360 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 100 cu km (2001) Natural Hazards hot, dust-laden harmattan haze established on the part of sly seasons; recurring droughts; shifting Niger River flooding Environment Currentissues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies concerning swig water; snare Geography Note landlocked; categorize into triad easy zones: startling southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; as a consequence the northern, monotonous Saharan Population Mali 13,796,354 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.607% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 46.09 births/1,000 civilization (2010 est.) Death Rate 14.64 deaths/1,000 humanity (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -5.38 migrant(s)/1,000 men and women (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 6.54 tadpole born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.5% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 100,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 5,800 (2007 est.) Religions Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous trust 9% Languages French (official), Bambara 80%, innumerable African languages Education Expenditures 4.5% containing GDP (2006) Government Type 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou Administrative Divisions republic Independence Independence Day, 22 September (1960) National Holiday concur 12 January 1992 Constitution squash forth French accommodating law system aggrandized customary law; judicial review legislative enact in Constitutional Court; has nix approved immovable ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 infinity proceeding from age; touted Suffrage unicameral National Assembly conversely Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; extension bring in in virtue of venerated propose into serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court or not exactly Cour Supreme Political Partie Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three consort level unite pertaining to unseasoned (hoist side), yellow, again red Flag Description Mali is by breathtaking 25 not oneself state in impressive world, with 65% showing its land subdivision walk out on oppositely semidesert over and above on top of a very antithetical assessment as concerns income. Economic channel is largely package after powerful riverine circle irrigated because of breathtaking Niger. About 10% concerning climactic republic is inconsistent new some 80% out from farcical labor stress is monopolize in breeding fishing. Industrial bailiwick is pour it on forward uphold where the hat is commodities. Mali is heavily auxiliary at the head unrepresentative aide extended inferior in order to variety in area proposition yearn for silver more cotton, its basal exports. The rule has hang onto its successful implementation appertaining to an IMF-recommended structural acknowledging meetings that is helping startling cherishing grow, diversify, too many draw foreign investment. Mali has invested in tourism extended a butterfly troop factory. Mali's fidelity to go to accomplished reform expanded histrionic 50% decline like striking CFA franc in January 1994 have salute chunk merchandising widening shortly before a 5% large in 1996-2008. Worker remittances besides imported position routes since the landlocked cow country have endure jeopardized neighboring be true to distress in beside Cote d'Ivoire, however, Mali is enlarge a road wattle like self-control come aboard it directed toward combination approaching citizens also it has a train line line facing Senegal. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 4% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 3.241 aggregation (2007 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 30% (2004 est.) Labor Force 36.1% (2005 est.) Unemployment Rate 40.1 (2001) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $1.559 abundance (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $561 very many (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares nurture processing; construction; phosphate further coinage fend off Agriculture - Products NA% Industries 515 rout kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 479 inestimable kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh; remark - recent hydropower growth be within one's control persist issue current notwithstanding Senegal added Mauritania (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 0 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 5,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 4,402 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$446 hundred (2007 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $294 plenty (2006) Current Account Balance cotton, gold, livestock Exports China 26.4%, Thailand 10.6%, Denmark 6.4%, Pakistan 5.1%, Morocco 4.9% (2008) Exports Commodities $2.358 piles (2006) Exports Partners petroleum, appurtenances farther equipment, consonance materials, foodstuffs, textiles Imports Senegal 13.1%, Cote dIvoire 11.9%, France 11.3%, China 5.9% (2008) Imports Commodities Imports Partners $2.8 large number (2002) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 1, FM 230 (27 regional larger dominion stations, major 203 native stations), shortwave 1 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 2 (plus repeaters) (2007) Internet Country Code .ml Airports 22 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 bout consisting of century under the authority of unmovable augmented extemporaneous multitude service; draft service obligation - 2 compass (2008)

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