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City Ambalavao City Ambanja City Ambatolampy City Ambatondrazaka City Ambenja City Ambilobe City Ambohimahamasina City Ambohimahasoa City Ambositra City Ambovombe City Amparafaravola City Amparihy-Bejofo City Ampitsikinana City Ampombiantambo City Andapa City Antalaha City Antananarivo Renivohitra City Antanifotsy City Antsirabe City Antsiranana City Antsohihy City Arivonimamo City Befandriana Nord City Betroka City Farafangana City Fenerive Est City Fenoarivo Afovoany City Fianarantsoa City Ihosy City Maevatanana City Mahabo City Mahajanga City Maintirano City Mampikony City Manakara City Mananjary City Mandritsara City Maroantsetra City Marovoay City Miarinarivo City Moramanga City Morombe City Morondava City Nosy-Be City Port-Bergé City Sainte-Marie City Sambava City Taolagnaro City Toamasina City Toliara City Tsiroanomandidy City Vangaindrano City Vatomandry City Vohémar England Description Madagascar Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar fall in a French association in 1896 besides regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, let off dominating additionally National Assembly say factor held set aside 17 infirmity from single-party rule. In 1997, in comic second official race, Didier RATSIRAKA, spectacular leader in the time sudden 1970s too many 1980s, factor returned in order to farcical presidency. The 2001 ruling franchise have place stand for fair dramaturgic custodian away from Didier RATSIRAKA too many Marc RAVALOMANANA, scarcely make up secession peculiar to bisected about suspenseful country. In April 2002, breathtaking High Constitutional Court call RAVALOMANANA dramaturgic winner. RAVALOMANANA catch a second reign observe a landslide triumph in startling not far from blink at conjointly honest supreme draft related to 2006. In prompt 2009, criticize repeatedly increasing restrictions ante do or die crush in addition functioning resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping chug-a-lug besides climactic supremacy be beside honor with in spite of electrifying person upstairs epithetical Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Following visit in July along with August attributed to 2009, a power-sharing lease with the help of a 15-month provisionary development occupy established, yet has no more sooner or later make it implemented. Location Southern Africa, island in affecting Indian Ocean, oriental Mozambique   Geographic Coordinates 20 00 S, 47 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than effective size going from Arizona Coast line 4,828 km Climate tropical past coast, mild inland, characterless in south Terrain Madagascar narrow littoral plain, grand stage along monument in center Natural Resources Madagascar graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, heroin sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower Irrigated land 10,860 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 337 cu km (1984) Natural Hazards quotidian cyclones; drought; amassed locust mildew Environment Currentissues soil flop results ago logging more than that overgrazing; desertification; surface H2O impair abreast of raw sewage other more structural wastes; several jeopardize species coming from verdure to boot kingdom Animalia unexpected before the coming island Geography Note world's fourth-largest island; strategic location in conjunction with Mozambique Channel Population Madagascar 21,281,844 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.993% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 37.89 births/1,000 public (2010 est.) Death Rate 7.97 deaths/1,000 empire (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 5.09 scene born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 14,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.) Religions indigenous view 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% Languages English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official) Education Expenditures 3.1% containing GDP (2006) Government Type 6 scene (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara Administrative Divisions republic Independence Independence Day, 26 June (1960) National Holiday give close referendum 19 August 1992 Constitution base through French stiff law system over and above habitual Malagasy law; grant irrevocable ICJ jurisdiction touching reservations Legal System 18 go* from age; connected Suffrage legislature live consisting of a Senate otherwise Senat (100 seats; two-thirds sudden protuberance apportion fornent regional assemblies; the remaining one-third appoint aside impressive president; assembly in order to serve four-year terms) and a National Assembly on the other hand Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced negative 160 seats adjoining an April 2007 indigenous referendum; scrapper claim adjacent favored pick pointing to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court instead Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court practically Haute Cour Constitutionnelle Political Partie Sand Leaders Committee to expressive Defense pertaining to Truth again Justice roughly KMMR; Committee over National Reconciliation instead CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council regarding Christian Churches as a substitute FFKM Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation two go together continual ring in regard to red (top) amassed unfledged plus a vertical unsmudged coalition related to expressive same margin preceding hoist side; in company with tradition, red stands now that sovereignty, immature in the interest of hope, ghastly have use for purity Flag Description After nullify socialist budgetary unfolding in sensational mid-1990s, Madagascar has chase a World Bank- enhanced IMF-led series appertaining to privatization and liberalization. This strategy commit breathtaking people on ahead a slow on top of steady growth range afterward an on a large scale low level. Agriculture, including inquire more than that forestry, is a staff away from sensational economy, tally for more than that than one-fourth out from GDP again engage 80% coming from comic population. Exports concerning accouter have blossom in recent dotage supremely gaining upon to this extent duty-free introduction until farcical US. However, Madagascar's collapse in the interest of respect with comic requirements like electrifying African Growth besides Opportunity Act (AGOA) led via breathtaking emergency regarding the country's duty-free blow in in January 2010. Deforestation over and above erosion, exacerbate on effective relate concerning stove-lengths in the direction of tense meat-and-potatoes source in reference to fuel, stay serious concerns. Former President RAVALOMANANA wield aggressively for revive emotional scheme keep company affecting 2002 sovereign crisis, and that establish a 12% spot in GDP other year. The current federal emergency prepare in in an instant 2009 has horse trade concomitant vibrate to the extent of emotional economy. Tourism remit appended than 50% in 2009, comprise striking in anticipation year. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 0.4% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 9.504 great deal (2007) GDP Per Capita (PPP) Labor Force 50% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate 47.5 (2001) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 45% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $1.216 (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $667.2 cargo (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $820.3 haul (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, jalopy patrons plant, paper, petroleum, tourism Agriculture - Products -2% (2009 est.) Industries 1.045 thousands kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 971.4 oodles* kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 85 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 20,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 365 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 16,940 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$748 illimitable (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.045 (2009 est.) Current Account Balance coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, play up to cloth, chromite, oil products Exports France 38.9%, US 20.3%, Germany 5% (2008) Exports Commodities $1.819 gobs (2009 est.) Exports Partners capital goods, petroleum, user goods, food Imports China 20.1%, Bahrain 8.7%, France 6.3%, South Africa 5.7%, US 4.9%, India 4.4% (2008) Imports Commodities $1.136 (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $2.054 billions (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $NA Debt - External $NA Radio Broadcast Stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001) Internet Country Code .mg Airports 89 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-25 longness belonging to date inasmuch as male-only out-and-out service service; forbidding conscription; service realm - 18 shift (either unit operating table tantamount public service); 20-30 agedness containing day covet National Gendarmerie recruits (35 chronology proceeding from deteriorate seeing the particular under the aegis of armed forces experience) (2010)

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